{"id":362,"date":"2021-06-29T10:45:19","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T02:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/149.28.72.201\/?p=362"},"modified":"2021-12-20T10:44:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T02:44:35","slug":"linux-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/?p=362","title":{"rendered":"2\u3001Linux\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2.1 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53caLinux\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

2.11  Linux\u4f18\u52bf\u53ca\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

         Linux \u5185\u6838\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 600 \u4e07\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd Linux \u5185\u6838\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u53bb\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4f1a\u63d0\u70bc\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u5b66\u4f1a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u867d\u7136 Linux \u5185\u6838\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6a2a\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c Linux \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u82b1\u91cc\u80e1\u54e8\u7684\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5149\u7740\u8eab\u5b50\u8dd1\uff0c\u7528\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u201c\u88f8\u8dd1\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u662f\u6279\u5904\u7406\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u5feb\u660e\u767d\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u88f8\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u88f8\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u5f62\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u786c\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u5f31\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fed\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u624b\u673a\u6765\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u88f8\u673a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73a9\u738b\u8005\u8363\u8000\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u738b\u8005\u8363\u8000\u662f\u8981\u88ab\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684 CPU \u82af\u7247\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u5fae\u4fe1\uff0cQQ \uff0c\u8fd8\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u7279\u8272\u7684linux\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001 VxWorks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          VxWorks \u662f\u7f8e\u56fd WindRiver \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u7387\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          VxWorks \u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531 400 \u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u77ed\u5c0f\u7cbe\u608d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u88c1\u526a\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7b26\u5408 POSIX (\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3)\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u660e\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u9762\u751a\u81f3\u753a\u4ee5\u5fae\u7f29\u5230 8 KB\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u592a\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u822a\u7a7a\uff0c\u536b\u661f\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u57f9\u8bad\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u4e86\u57f9\u8bad\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001 \u03bcC\uff0fOS-II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u03bcC\uff0fOS-II\u662f\u5728\u03bcC-OS\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e13\u5bb6 Jean J\uff0eLabrosse \u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5c0f\u5de7\u3001\u652f\u6301\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b9e\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u03bcC\uff0fOS-II \u80fd\u7ba1\u7406 64 \u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c0f\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u826f\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5f3a\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\u03bcClinux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

         \u03bcClinux \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a micro-control Linux\uff0c\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u770b\u662f\u6307\u5fae\u63a7\u5236 Linux\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u540c\u6807\u51c6\u7684 Linux \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u03bcClinux \u7684\u5185\u6838\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684 API\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca TCP\uff0fIP \u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709 MMU \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001eCos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          eCos(embedded Configurable operating system)\uff0c\u5373\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u3001\u9762\u5411\u6df1\u5ea6\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u5c0f\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u6838\u3001C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u8fd0\u884c\u5305\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879(\u5b9e\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u914d\u7f6e)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 eCos \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4f7f\u5f97 eCos \u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.12 UNIX \u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u65e5\uff1aUNIX \u5728 1969 \u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff1a\u662f Dennis Ritchie \u548c Ken Thompson \u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u64e6\u51fa\u4e86\u7075\u611f\u7684\u706b\u82b1\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51fa\u751f\u6237\u7c4d\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684logo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51fa\u751f\u5177\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

               VAX –> vms\uff08\u4e13\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                           ken\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edfUnics        –> Unix<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            B\u8bed\u8a00(\u5f15\u5165\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf)–>C\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684toms\u548crich\u6700\u540e\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u6574\u4e2aUnix\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u6162\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9002\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u5e7f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         1965 \u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u53ebPDP-7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u548c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u505a\u300cMULTICS \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u300d\uff08”Multiplexed Information and Computing Service”\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e861969 \u5e74\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u60f3\u65e9\u70b9\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u597d\u7528\u6765\u73a9\u7535\u8111\u6e38\u620f\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6574\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e45\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6574\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u53ea\u597d\u505c\u6389\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u505c\u6389\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u65b9\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u540e\u5907\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e86\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u778e\u6574\u5427\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u65b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662fKen Thompson\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u505a \u201c\u661f\u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\uff08 Space Travel\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a GE-635 \u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u6bd4\u8f83\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9Ken Thompson\u611f\u89c9\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u723d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u300cPDP-7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u5269\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0PDP-7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u662f\u56fe\u7247\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u628a GE-635 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u79fb\u690d\u5230 PDP-7 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PDP-7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e48\u5c0f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5230\u4e861970\u5e74\uff0cPDP-7 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c GE-635\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u53ea\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6 Brian Kernighan \u5c31\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f \u201cUNiplexed Information and Computing Service\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f29\u5199\u5c31\u662f UNICS\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u53d6\u8c10\u97f3\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a UNIX\u3002\u6240\u4ee51970 \u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a UNIX\u5143\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 Dennis Ritchie \u548c Ken Thompson<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.13 BSD\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

       kein toms 1976\u5e74\u53bb\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5957\u4ef6\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aBerkeley Software Distribution\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a BSD \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f2f\u514b\u5229UNIX\uff08Berkeley UNIX\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u884d\u751f\u4e8eUNIX\uff08\u7c7bUNIX\uff09\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7531\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\uff08Bill Joy\uff09\u7814\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5957\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       BSD \u5e38\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u7ea7\u522b\u7684 UNIX \u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e BSD \u7528\u6237\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u90fd\u4ece BSD \u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982 DEC \u7684 Ultrix\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Sun \u516c\u53f8\u7684 SunOS\u7b49\u7b49\u30021990 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cBSD \u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab System V 4.x \u7248\u4ee5\u53ca OSF\/1 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5f00\u6e90\u7248\u672c\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002BSD \u6bd4 Linux \u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u90fd\u5728 Linux \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 Windows \u548c OS X \u90fd\u6709\u6765\u81ea BSD \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u63d0\u5230\u5f00\u6e90\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662fLinux\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u683c\u66f4\u8001\u7684BSD\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         UNIX\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684 Ken Thompson \u66fe\u5982\u6b64\u8bc4\u4ef7 Linux\uff1a\u201dLinux\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u53cd\u5fae\u8f6f\u601d\u6f6e\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u4f19\u89c9\u5f97 Linux \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u89c9\u5f97 BSD \u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fb\u8d25 Linux\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u89c9\u5f97Linux \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u7aef\u548c\u4e0b\u6d41\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cLinux \u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6709\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u8fd0\u6c14\u3002 \u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u81ea\u6709\u7684\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aSystem V\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u88ab\u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u9500\u552eUnix\uff0c4\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u548cBSD\u8fdb\u884c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\uff0cUnix\u53d1\u5c55\u9677\u5165\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u800c\u5728Linux\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cBSD \u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u88ab\u5b98\u53f8\u7f20\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u5e94\u6218 Linux\uff0c\u800cBSD\u8179\u80cc\u53d7\u654c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u800cLinux\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u800c\u66f4\u53d7\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c90% \u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\u961f\u80fd\u8d70\u591a\u8fdc\uff0c\u961f\u957f\u548c\u6559\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0cLinux \u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\uff0cLinus Torvalds \u662f\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8ba9\u4e00\u7fa4\u6027\u683c\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u3001\u7edd\u975e\u6cdb\u6cdb\u4e4b\u8f88\u7684\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u5f03\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\uff0cLinux \u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u6bd4 BSD \u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60ca\u559c\uff0c\u968f\u7740PC\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6025\u9700\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6b3e\u9002\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLinux \u662f\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u4e86\u3002GNU \u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4e0e BSD \u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Linux \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba9\u4e24\u8005\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728Linux \u5168\u540d\u53eb GNU\/Linux\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       BSD\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  FreeBSD\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728PC\u673a\u4e0a\u7684Unix\uff08Apple\u6838\u5fc3\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  OpenBSD\uff1a\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  NetBSD<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.14 Microsoft\u548cAPPLE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        81\u5de6\u53f3Unix\u5f00\u59cb\u9500\u552e,IBM\uff0c\u5eb7\u67cf\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u9500\u552ePC\u517c\u5bb9\u673a\uff083\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u5957\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528intel CPU\uff0c\u4e11\u964b\u6027\u80fd\u4f4e\uff0cUnix     \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u9002\u914d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Microsoft\uff1a\u5356Unix\uff08\u8d77\u540d\u53ebXenix\uff09\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86CP\/M\uff083\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u5957\uff09–>DOS\uff08Desk Operation System\uff09\uff08\u6bd4\u5c14\u76d6\u83285\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u65ad\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u4e3aDOS\uff0c\u5356\u7ed9IBM\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5356license\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         jobs\uff1a\u521b\u5efaApple\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5f3a\u5927\u7684PC\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\uff0cApple I\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Xerox: \u590d\u5370\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

             PARK\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u6765\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9f20\u6807\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u65bd\u4e50\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\uff0c\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u88ab\u6bd4\u5c14\u76d6\u8328\u5077\u8d70\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Windows NT Server\uff08\u57fa\u4e8eDEC\u7684vms\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u7684Windows\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u597d\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.15 GNU\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u66fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u56e0\u4e3a UNIX \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684 UNXI \u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u968f\u610f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u6b3e\u514d\u8d39\u597d\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u94b1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u66fc\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53d1\u8d77 GNU \u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3 UNIX\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a GNU\uff08GNU is Not Unix\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         1983\u5e749\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u66fc\u5728 net.UNIX-wizards \u548c net.usoft \u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4\u4e2d\u516c\u5e03\u8fd9\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5305\u62ecGNU\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5957\u88c5\uff08GCC\uff09\u3001GNU\u7684C\u5e93\uff08glibc\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca GNU \u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u7ec4\uff08coreutils\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u662f GNU \u9664\u9519\u5668\uff08GDB\uff09\u3001GNU \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08binutils\uff09\u7684 GNU Cash shell\u4e2d \u548c GNOME \u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\uff0c\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eUnix\u5185\u6838\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u5f53\u7136\uff0cGNU\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6b3e\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb Hurd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e Hurd \u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u672c\u610f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u554a\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8001\u662f\u51fabug\uff0c\u518d\u597d\u7684\u521b\u610f\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e0d\u8fc7 Linus \u5927\u795e\u901a\u8fc7 GNU \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u706b\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5c31\u4e00\u53d1\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\u62fe\uff0cGNU\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u9762\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230linux\u4e0a\uff0c    \u540e\u6765GNU\/Linux\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u53eb\u5b83Linux\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f00\u6e90\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.16 Linux\u548cMINIX\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

MINIX\u542f\u52a8\u754c\u9762<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5728 UNIX \u4ea7\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u7248\u6743\u5728 AT&T \u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u5728 Version 7 UNIX \u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u6388\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5c06UNIX \u6e90\u7801\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u5f97\u518d\u4f7f\u7528 UNIX \u6e90\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u5854\u80fd\u9c8d\u59c6\u6559\u6388\uff08Andrew Stuart “Andy” Tanenbaum\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u5b66,\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b UNIX \u7684\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a MINIX\uff08\u610f\u4e3amini-UNIX\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

       \u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u5b8f\u5185\u6838\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fae\u5185\u6838\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u4f19\u548c Linus \u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0cLinux \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\uff0c\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Linux \u5185\u6838\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec ARM \u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6797\u7eb3\u65af \u6258\u74e6\u5179\uff08Linus Torvalds\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         1991\u5e74\uff0c\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\u5728\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u5927\u5b66\u4e0a\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u597d\u5947\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6 386BSD \u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\u7684 386 \u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684 MS-DOS \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 Minix\uff0c\u53ef\u4ed6\u5bf9 Minix \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff08\u5728\u5f53\u65f6 Minix \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Linux \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u5728 1991 \u5e74 9 \u6708\u88ab\u5927\u5b66 FTP server \u7ba1\u7406\u5458 Ari Lemmke \u53d1\u5e03\u5728 Internet\u4e0a\u3002\u6700\u521d Torvalds \u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a \u300cFreax\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u300cfree\u300d\u548c\u5947\u5f02\u300cfreak\u300d\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9644\u4e0a\u300cX\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7c7b UNIX \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f46\u662f FTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5acc\u539f\u6765\u7684\u547d\u540d\u300cFreax\u300d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u597d\u542c\uff0c\u628a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u6539\u6210Linux\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4ec5\u6709 10000 \u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ecd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8eMinix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u5f00\u673a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u572810\u6708\u4efd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff080.02\u7248\uff09\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4f4d\u82ac\u5170\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5728 comp.os.minix \u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5219\u516c\u544a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Hello everybody out there using minix- I’m doing a (free) operation system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1994 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff0cLinux1.0 \u7248\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Linux \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\u51b3\u5b9a\u66f4\u6539\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u5546\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5 GNU GPL \u534f\u8bae\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u81f4\u529b\u878d\u5408 GNU \u5143\u7d20\u5230 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

80386 \u7684\u82af\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

80386\u7684\u7535\u8111<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u5982\u679c\u5355\u51ed\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0cLinux \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5f00\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u8fd8\u5199\u4e86 GIT \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u534f\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5174\u594b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.17 Linux\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u7269<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Linux \u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u5409\u7965\u7269\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u505a Tux \u7684\u4f01\u9e45\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u7531\u6765\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Linus \u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u65f6\u66fe\u88ab\u4e00\u53ea\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u91cc\u7684\u4f01\u9e45\u54ac\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\uff0c\u4fbf\u9009\u62e9\u4f01\u9e45\u4f5c\u4e3a Linux\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u4f01\u9e45\u4ee3\u8868\u5357\u6781\uff0c\u800c\u5357\u6781\u53c8\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u9646\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868 Linux \u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684 Linux\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\u8bf4\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u88ab\u4f01\u9e45\u54ac\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54ac\u8fc7\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\u4f1a\u53d1\u708e\uff0c\u53d1\u708e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f24\u53e3\u4f1a\u6709\u70b9\u75bc\u3002\u665a\u4e0a\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u60f3\u6253\u778c\u7761\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u708e\u75c7\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u611f\u523a\u6fc0\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f20\u8bf4\u662f\u5426\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u5929\u5927\u795e\u5fc3\u60c5\u597d\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63ed\u6653\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.18 Linux\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u52bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

       \u4eca\u5929\u5728 Linus Torvalds \u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4 Linux \u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u66fc\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u652f\u6301 Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684 GNU \u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u975e GNU \u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9 Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6709\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e93\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Linux \u793e\u533a\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u90fd\u4f1a\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684 Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Linux\u5185\u6838\u3001GNU\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u975eGNU\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Linux \u5185\u6838\u73b0\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\uff0c\u624b\u673a\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u5927\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u82f9\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u5185\u6838\u4e5f\u662f\u6709 Linux\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\uff0cLinux \u7684\u666e\u53ca\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60 Linux \u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6807\u914d\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5b8c Linux \u5185\u6838\u4f60\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u53f0\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u51e0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u5bb9\u9519\u7387\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 2.19 Linux\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a C –> \u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 (\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f16\u8bd1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          ABI\uff1aApplication Binary Interface\uff08\u5e94\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e00\u6837\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Release\uff1a\u5c06linux\u5185\u6838\u7f16\u8bd1\u6253\u5305\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5728\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u662f\u53d1\u884c\u5546\uff08release\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u6bd4\u8f83\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u5546\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RedHat\uff1a1993\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5356\u7248\u6743\u8d39\uff0c\u5356\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ef4\u62a4\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

rhel\uff1aredhat enterprise linux\u6bcf18\u4e2a\u6708\u53d1\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SLS\uff08slackware\uff09\uff1a1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debian\uff1a1992\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53d7\u5546\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\uff0c\u6700\u96be\u7528\uff0c\u7531\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7ef4\u62a4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SUSE\uff08\u57fa\u4e8eSLS\u53d1\u5c55\uff09 –> Novell (Netware), OpenSUSE           <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubuntu: Mint\uff08\u57fa\u4e8eUbuntu\u4e8c\u6b21\u53d1\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eDebian\u4e8c\u6b21\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8ePC\u673a\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CentOS: Community ENTerprise OS\uff08\u793e\u533a\u4f01\u4e1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u7248\u7684redhat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fedora: \u66f4\u6539\u7ea2\u5e3d\u4e2a\u4eba\u7248\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u6539bug\uff0c\u534a\u5e74\u4e00\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165redhat\u4f01\u4e1a\u7248<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mandriva\uff1a\u684c\u9762\u7248\u7ea2\u5e3d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debian, dpt\uff08\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RedHat, rpm\uff08\u6a21\u4effdpt\u521b\u5efa\u4e86rpm\uff09                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Archlinux<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gentoo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LFS\uff1aLinux from scratch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Androd:linux kernel + busybox+java\u865a\u62df\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c: 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 3.0, 3.7\uff0c\u2026,5.12.8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RHEL\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1a 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,7.0,8.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

rpm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RHEL,Fedora,S.u.S.E,CentOS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dpt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debian,Ubuntu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u5f00\u6e90\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9-OPSX\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9-\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u793e\u533a (aliyun.com)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Index of \/ (sohu.com)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b22\u8fce\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u6613\u5f00\u6e90\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9 (163.com)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2.1 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53caLinux\u7684\u51fa\u73b0 2.11  Linux\u4f18\u52bf\u53ca\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux &nbs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":124,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=362"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/362\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":705,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/362\/revisions\/705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=362"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}