7.1 shell\uff0c\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shell: \u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5185\u6838\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5916\u58f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
GUI\uff1aGnome, KDE, Xfce<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CLI: sh, csh, ksh, bash, tcsh, zsh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u6838\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.2 bash:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.2.1 \u7528\u6237\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5206\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6807\u8bc6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
root: #<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237: $<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.2.2 shell\u548c\u5b50shell<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shell\u5f53\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740 shell\uff0c\u5b50shell\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2ashell\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u4e92\u6253\u5f00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7236shell\u548c\u5b50shell\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bash–bash<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# su daniel<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@Daniel-R480 root]$<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.2.3 bash:\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c55\u5f00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u914d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7\u3001\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7.2.4 \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\u3001\u5149\u6807\u8df3\u8f6c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ctrl+a\uff1a\u8df3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9996<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ctrl+e\uff1a\u8df3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uff08\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528Ctrl+\u5de6\u53f3\u952e\u8df3\u5230\u884c\u9996\u548c\u884c\u5c3e\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ctrl+d:\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ctrl+u: \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u81f3\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9996\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ctrl+k: \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u81f3\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c3e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ctrl+l: \u6e05\u5c4f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\uff1ahistory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-c\uff1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-d OFFSET [n]: \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ history -d 459<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ history -d 460 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-w\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u81f3\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684.bash_history\u5f53\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PATH\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HISTSIZE: \u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ echo $HISTSIZE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
!n\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2cn\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
!-n:\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5012\u6570\u7b2cn\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b <\/p>\n\n\n\n
!!: \u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
!string\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5f15\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570; <\/p>\n\n\n\n
!$<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Esc+ .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt+. (\u672c\u5730\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e0d\u652f\u6301)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# cat calc.sh <\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#<\/p>\n\n\n\n
declare -i SUM=0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
for I in {1..100};do<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let SUM=$[$SUM+$I]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
done<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo “The sum is : $SUM”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# du !$<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du calc.sh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0 calc.sh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]#<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u8865\u5168\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linux \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709 tab \u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ yum -y install bash-completion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\u751f\u6548 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
PATH:\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8def\u5f84\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u70b9\u51fbtab<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\uff1a\u641c\u7d22PATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21tab\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u8865\u5168\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8def\u5f84\u8865\u5168\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u8865\u5168\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728shell\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u522b\u540d\u4ec5\u5728\u5f53\u524dshell\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\uff1b\u522b\u540d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5f53\u524dshell\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
alias newname=oldname<\/p>\n\n\n\n
alias CMDALIAS=’COMMAND [options] [arguments]’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# alias cl=clear<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# cl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u64a4\u9500\u522b\u540d\uff0cunalias +\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ualias CMDALIAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# unalias cl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# cl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-bash: cl: command not found<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 ~]# <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\\CMD\uff08\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\\+\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362: $(COMMAND), \u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff1a`COMMAND`<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
file-2013-02-28-14-53-31.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ touch file-$(date +%F-%H-%M-%S)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ touch file-$(date +%F-%H-%M-%S)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ ls<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a file-2021-06-03-03-00-26 file-2021-06-03-03-00-31 heloy m test test2 x<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost \/]$ echo “the current directory is $(pwd).”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the current directory is \/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost \/]$ cd \/opt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost opt]$ !-2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo “the current directory is $(pwd).”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the current directory is \/opt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost opt]$ <\/p>\n\n\n\n
bash\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“: \u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“”: \u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
”: \u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u914d, globbing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*: \u53ef\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ touch a asd adcs dfvsf fde dedas wdwa qwd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ ls a*<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a adcs asd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[daniel@localhost ~]$ ls a*d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
asd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
?\uff1a\u53ef\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[]\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[abc], [a-m], [a-z], [A-Z], [0-9], [a-zA-Z], [0-9a-zA-Z]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:space:]\uff1a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:punct:]\uff1a\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:lower:]\uff1a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:upper:]: \u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:alpha:]: \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:digit:]: \u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[:alnum:]: \u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# man 7 glob\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[^]: \u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@localhost daniel]# ls [[:alpha:]]*[[:alpha:]]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a b adcs asd dedas dfvsf fde heloy qwd test wdwa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\u3001\u521b\u5efaa123, cd6, c78m, c1 my, m.z, k 67, 8yu, 789\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# touch {a123,cd6,c78m,”c1 my”,”m.z”,”k 67″,8yu,789}<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# ls<\/p>\n\n\n\n
789 8yu a123 c1 my c78m cd6 k 67 m.z<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\u3001\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4ee5a\u6216m\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# ls [am]*<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a123 m.z<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# <\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\u3001\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# ls *[0-9]* <\/p>\n\n\n\n
789 8yu a123 c1 my c78m cd6 k 67<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# ls *[[:digit:]]*<\/p>\n\n\n\n
789 8yu a123 c1 my c78m cd6 k 67<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4\u3001\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# ls *[^[:space:]]*[0-9] <\/p>\n\n\n\n
789 a123 cd6 k 67<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# <\/p>\n\n\n\n
5\u3001\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u975e\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@Daniel-R480 test1]# ls *[^[:alnum:]]*<\/p>\n\n\n\n
c1 my k 67 m.z<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
7.1 shell\uff0c\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f shell: \u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5185\u6838\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5916\u58f3 &n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":90,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=405"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":719,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions\/719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceansource.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}